Presidents of the Philippine Republic free essay sample

This list starts from the ratification of the Philippine Constitution in the First Republic after the independence of the country in 1898. Thus, this list starts from the ratification of 1899 Constitution where Emilio Aguinaldo was the President of the Republic of the Philippines. The dates followed by their names are the dates of their terms: Presidents of the Philippines from Past to Present: 1. General Emilio Aguinaldo (January 23, 1899 – April 01, 1901) * First President Youngest President – he became the country’s leader at the age of 28 * Longest-lived president – he died when he was 94 * One of the active leaders of KKK * Signed the Pact of Biak na Bato * Known as the President of the Revolutionary Government * He fought against the Spanish and American to retain our independence 2. Manuel L. Quezon (November 15, 1935 – August 01, 1944) * First Senate President elected as President of the Philippines * First President elected through a natio nal election * First President under the Commonwealth He created National Council of Education * He initiated women’s suffrage in the Philippines during the Commonwealth * He made Tagalog / Filipino as the National Language of the Philippines 3. We will write a custom essay sample on Presidents of the Philippine Republic or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Jose P. Laurel (October 14, 1943 – August 17, 1945) * He was considered as the Legitimate President of the Philippines * He organized KALIBAPI (Kapisanan sa Paglilingkod sa Bagong Pilipinas) * He declared Martial Law in 1944 * He and his family developed the establishment of Lyceum of the Philippines 4. Sergio Osmena (August 01, 1944 – May 28, 1946) * He was 65 when he became President making him the oldest President to hold the office * He was the First Visayan to become President * He joined US General Douglas McArthur in Leyte on October 20, 1944 starting the freedom of the Philippines from the Japanese during World War II * During his time, the Philippine National Bank has been rehabilitated and the country joined the International Monetary Fund * On his time, the Bell Trade Act was approved by the US Congress . Manuel Roxas (May 28, 1946 – April 15, 1948) * He was inaugurated as the New and First President of the New Republic because the Philippines was finally free after the WWII * In his time, the country has started reconstruction from war damage and the Philippines started breathing without foreign rule * Under his term, the Philippine Rehabilitation Act and Philippine Trade Act laws were accepted by the Congress 6. Elpidio Quirino (April 17, 1948 – December 30, 1953) * Under his term Hukbalahap movement was active * He created Social Security Commission * He also created Integrity Board to monitor graft and corruption * In 1948, Quezon City was the Capital of the Philippines * Peso and Dollar Exchange Rate at his time was USD 1 – PHP 2 7. Ramon Magsaysay (December 30, 1953 – March 17, 1957) * He was a Chairman of the Committee on Guerilla Affairs He was the First President sworn into office wearing Barong Tagalog in his inauguration * His Presidency was referred as the Philippines’ Golden Years for it was the cleanest and zero-corruption * The Philippines was ranked 2nd in Asia’s clean and well-governed countries * He established National Resettlement and Rehabilitation Administration (NARRA) among his agrarian reforms 8. Carlos P. Garcia (March 18, 1957 – December 30, 1961) * He was known for â€Å"Filipino First Policy† * He established the Aus terity Program focusing on Filipino Trade and Commerce * He was known as the â€Å"Prince of Visayan Poets† and the â€Å"Bard from Bohol† * Cultural Arts was revived during his time * He was the First President to have his remains buried at the Libingan ng mga Bayani 9. Diosdado Macapagal (December 30, 1961 – December 30, 1965) * He established the First Land Reform Law * He placed the Philippines Currency Peso, on the currency exchange market * He made June 12, 1898 as the Philippines’ Independence Day * He signed the Minimum Wage Law He signed the Creation of the Philippine Veteran’s Bank 10. Ferdinand E. Marcos (December 30, 1965 – February 25, 1986) * He was President for 21 years and only quit office after the People Power Revolution * He was one of the best and brightest presidents of all time * He was the First President to win a second term * He declared Martial Law on September 22, 1972 * He increased the size of the Philippine Military and Armed Forces * In 1980, GNP was 4 ti mes greater than 1972 In 1986, the Philippines was one of the most indebted countries in Asia * He built more schools, roads, bridges, hospitals, and infrastructures than all former presidents did combined * In his time, Philippines was the Richest Country in Asia * In his time, No Foreigners was allowed to buy Real Estate in Philippines * Philippines was the No. 1 exporter of Rice and Sugar in the world * Drugs are not rampant and drinking alcohol on the side of the roads is prohibited * Peso and Dollar Exchange Rate at his time was USD 1 – PHP 1. 0 * During his time, Philippines was the first country to have Airport in Asia * Philippines was the first country to have Train in Asia * President Marcos have briefly brought into the limelight the Sabah claim once more * Under the regime of Martial law in July 1973, he announced the decision to build a nuclear power plant * The only President that does not make use of a cheat sheet when giving a speech here and abroad 11. Corazo n C. Aquino (February 25, 1986 – June 30, 1992) * She was named â€Å"Woman of the Year† in 1986 by Time Magazine * She was the First Woman President of the Philippines and Asia * She abolished 1973 Marcos Constitution brought the new Constitution of the Philippines * Signed the Family Code of 1987 and 1191 Local Government Code * One of 100 Women Who Shaped World History * One of 20 Most Influential Asians of the 20th Century * One of 65 Great Asian Heroes * A recipient of J. William Fulbright Prize for international understanding 12. Fidel V. Ramos (June 30, 1992 – June 30, 1998) During his time, the Philippines was cited as Asia’s Next Economic Tiger because he brought back economic growth * The Philippines celebrated Centennial Independence in 1998 * He’s the only Filipino who received British Knighthood from the United Kingdom, bestowed by Queen Elizabeth II (Knight Grand Cross of the Order of St. Michael and St. George) * He led the 4th APEC Summit held in the Philippines * His â€Å"Philippines 2000† vision made the Philippine Stock Exchange one of the best in the world in the mid-90s * Death Penalty was reinstated at his time He signed peace talks and agreement with the MNLF 13. Joseph Estrada (June 30, 1998 – January 20, 2001) * During his time, the MNLF’s headquarters and camps were captured * He joined other leaders and politicians who supported against the Charter Change * He was cited as One of the Three Outstanding Senators in 1989 * He was among the â€Å"Magnificent 12† who voted for the termination of the Philippines and US Military Bases Agreement from Clark Airbase and Subic Naval Base 14. Gloria Macapagal Arroyo (January 20, 2001 – June 30, 2010) * She was the Second Female President of the Country First and only female Vice-President of the Philippines so far * She regained higher economic growth than the past 3 Presidents before her * Philippine Economy grew at its fastest in 3 decades in 2007, GDP exceeding 7% growth * US Former President Bill Clinton cited Gloria’s â€Å"Tough Decisions† because of her brilliant strategy to make the country’s economy back in shape amidst the 2008 Global Financial Crisis * Peso became the best performing currency of the year in Asia in 2007 * eVAT Law was implemented under her term

A Look at Come In Spinner essays

A Look at Come In Spinner essays A 1988 interview with Florence James, co-author with Dymphna Cusack of Come in Spinner (1951) offers some insight into the original aims of the book. We found that our concerns about women and social justice were parallel and we said: Why dont we tell the truth through fiction? Nobody wants to read straight-out essays on the subject..... we wanted to get at the truth ..... we tried to weave together social expectations and what women were really like. This is the key to understanding the central concerns behind Spinner, set in war-time Sydney during 1944: James and Cusack were intent on writing something which illuminated the truthful position of women in society during that time. They did not produce an essay, but their purpose was similar: not just to entertain, but also to inform, to offer a different and challenging perspective. A review in the Daily Telegraph described their efforts as a remarkably vivid and real picture of Sydney in war-time. The question then is whether director Robert Marchands interpretation of Spinner has remained true to this original objective. While the original text contains a greater amount of detail on the peripheral characters, Marchand chooses to focus mainly on the three central women, Deb, Guinea and Claire. Thus their concerns and the conflicts and issues in their lives naturally occupy a position of great significance in our minds: they become our window onto the world of war-time Sydney. In particular, Marchand explores the degree to which men continued to assume a dominant role in the lives of women, despite their burgeoning independence and a greater sense of empowerment offered to them by war-time conditions. Marchands interpretation reflects particularly on the patriarchal values and defined gender roles which premised during this time, and the way in which women both challenged and accepted them. Marchand constantly presents us wit...

How Colors Affect Us Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 1

How Colors Affect Us - Research Paper Example Colors have the abilities to affect human beings in many ways such as individual’s life, psychological state, and health. one of the reasons why colors have the ability to influence people’s lifestyle is because we naturally react on multi-level of association with colors. She further explains that there exists social, culture and personal relationships with certain colors,† Colour continues to play an important role in the world today and people, corporations and institutions are using it as a powerful tool of communication. Some colors send universal messages and these colors can used for a product, web site, business card, or logo to cause powerful reactions. We cannot ignore the significance of color in our today’s world. The four psychological primary colors include red, yellow, blue, and green. They relate to the body, mind, and emotions while essentially balancing the three. Red elevates excitement levels, and can speed up our decision making process. This is why we considered Las Vegas the city of red neon. Students subjected to red light before exams are more likely to perform dismally. Blue color demonstrates many positive attributes such as intelligence, trust, efficiency, serenity, duty, understanding, logic, calm, and reflection. Its can sometimes be interpreted as cold, aloof, unfriendliness, and lacking emotion. Yellow color is often associated with optimism, self-esteem, confidence, emotional strength, extraversion /friendliness and creativity. It can also come out negative as irrational, fearful, emotionally fragile, depressing, anxiety or suicidal.Green stimulates a general feeling of balance accompanied by positive attribute such as harmony, refreshment, universal affection, peace, restoration reassurance, environmental consciousness, equity, and tranquillity. On the other hand, it demonstrates boredom, blandness, Violet is stimulus for spiritual awareness, vision,

Ban driving of gasoline powered vehicles In U.S Essay

Ban driving of gasoline powered vehicles In U.S - Essay Example â€Å"To truly transform our economy, protect our security, and save our planet from the ravages of climate change, we need to ultimately make clean, renewable energy the profitable kind of energy†, says President Obama. For the last forty years, the Presidents of the United States have many times called for a reduction in the dependence of the country to fossil fuels. The consumption patterns of fossil fuels have utterly failed to honor the fact that the fossil fuels happen to be a finite and non-renewable resource (Borowitz, 1999). Stronger efficiency standards and high tax rates on motor fuels are some of the ways in which, the government has embarked upon to reduce this dependency. Though resorting to high efficiency technologies may make the cars go a few extra miles per gallon, eventually there will come time when the oil wells will go dry and the contemporary civilization’s dependence on non-renewable energy resources will jeopardize its survival. The need for a burgeoning investment on the research and development of the alternative ways of powering the means of transportation is to a great extent being withheld by the fact that nothing much is being done to wean off people from the gasoline driven cars. It is said that the necessity is the mother of invention. Research for alternative fuels will receive a shot in the arm; the day concrete measures are taken to discourage people from driving gasoline powered cars.

Contingency Theory Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Contingency Theory - Research Paper Example Science is a process of inquiry and is an organized body of knowledge, and so contingency theory is a science because it involves the two. Accordingly, contingency theory can as well be categorized technology, and technology refers to activities developed by individuals to satisfy their needs. Contingency theory is a body of knowledge and knowledge acquired can be applied in various organizations to change to a more efficient processes. Literally, humans develop organizations and so the application of contingency theory helps to satisfy their needs (Betts, 2011). This article clearly explains how the operation and performance of an organization and the environment in which it operates relates. More so, it provides a clear elaboration of contingency theory as a science and technology. However, some of the weaknesses that have been identified in this article is that the causation that is assumed has not been explained in a more convincing manner. According to contingency theorists, the re is an association between the environmental conditions and organizational design and this was assumed the best fit. However, this assumption has not been well elaborated and it does not put into consideration other factors that related to organization’s performance (Betts, 2011). ... nce of that particular organization, for instance, organization’s performance is associated with the internal operational effectiveness and support from external forces. More so, the strategy of Information Technology (IT) in an organization is supposed to be aligned with its business strategy since the performance of a business is promoted by effective alignment between the organization’s competitive strategy and technologies that it uses (Croteau and Raymond, 2004). Arguably, the study of competencies alignment and organization’s performance is conducted based on the contingency theory. This article thoughtfully describes IT competencies alignment and organizational performance. It proposes that contingency theory covers other issues such as the organization’s competencies and strategic orientation and explains how they affect the performance of business (Croteau and Raymond, 2004). On the other hand, this article does not provide useful and convincing e xplanation of the underlying assumptions, for instance, one of the major assumption of contingency theory is that the better the fit among various contingency variables the better performance of the organization. Furthermore, this theory claims that there is a fit between strategic variables and use of IT and this positively affects the performance of information system (Croteau and Raymond, 2004). Tackling Design Anew: Getting Back to the Heart of Organizational Theory This article mainly focuses on the importance of organization design, and according to contingency theory, every relevant axis of an organization needs to be present in the organization design (Greenwood and Miller, 2010). Moreover, contingency theory suggests that the size of an organization and its geographical cover leads to the

Budget and Account Management of Restaurant | Case Study

Budget and Account Management of Restaurant | Case Study Traditions Ltd Question One. Marginal costing, Comparison between Traditions Ltd Marginal costing for all departments and without the restaurant department; Without the restaurant, the store is profitable. The store is capable of making a profit of  £9,000. This indicates that the restaurant department is making losses. Even without putting the fixed cost incurred by the business into consideration, the restaurant had made a contribution of  £-30,500 in that particular period alone. This is a high level of loss to be incurred by only one department. Among the other three departments, furnishing is the least profitable. This is because; the amount of purchase for resale that ends up being sold is very low. This increases the stock in the store such that closing stock for the furnishing department is very high as compared to the other department. By the end of the period, closing stock is more than the opening stock. This indicates that there were fewer sales made in this department during that particular period. Question two. Financial and non-financial consequences of closing down the restaurant department; Following the financial position of traditions Ltd analyzed in the previous sector, the restaurant department was making losses. This has prompted the management of the store to consider closing down the restaurant department. Doing so, traditions restaurant is will be faced with various implications, both financial and non financial. Closing down the restaurant department will lead to reduction in the overall profits realized. This is because; the contribution margin will increase leading to reduction in profits. This is because fixed cost will be shared among three departments. Since fixed costs per period of time do not vary by the amount of units produced, the other three departments will have to incur these costs. This will increase the overall costs leading to reduced profits. As indicated in the calculations of marginal costing statement, when the business is operating four departments, the total contribution margin was  £390,500. On closing down the restaurant, the total contribution increased from  £390,500 to  £421,000. This means that a higher contribution margin is to be shared between remaining departments. Another financial implication of closing down the restaurant is that the store will be required to retrench workers. The business will have to pay employees in the restaurant department such as Claude. This will have a negative financial effect on the business. Socially, when a business retrenches workers, customers do not like to be associated with it. In this context, Claude is a renowned chef especially after winning the potato-sculpting competition. This made him famous as he created customer loyalty. Many customers visit the store because of him. Closing down the restaurant will reduce customers who also shop in other departments. This will lead to a decline of sales in the other three departments. Reduction of sales will lead to reduction of overall profits in the business (Tennent, 2008). Another financial effect of closing down the restaurant will lead to low selling of the restaurant assets. As indicated, the restaurant has been having challenges regarding its’ assets such as the dough mixer. Due to poor maintenance of these equipments, they may be valued very poorly. This will limit the store in recovering some of the costs. Other than financial implications, the store will also face non-financial challenges as a result of closing down the restaurant department. One of the main challenges is bad image of the business which will be brought about by retrenchment of employees. Potential customers dislike businesses which often lay of their employees because terminating employee’s employment suggest that the business is no longer profitable. More so, society does not like business entities that lay off employee because unemployment is viewed as bad. These employees have families and other responsibilities to take care of, without their jobs, they cannot. As such, it is viewed as the fault of the store that these families will suffer. Potential customers will not like to be associated with such businesses (Drury, 2006). Question Three As management accountant, Samantha will be required to prepare, come up and analyze financial information for the store. This will be very difficult since she does not have prior experience in management accounting. More so, the company does not keep well organized information data base. There is no previous history of management information in the company and as such, she has to first of all collect her own management information. This is rather a very tedious. In her role, she will have the responsibility to ensure that the management of the store has to make decisions which are well informed from now going forward so as to guarantee the store’s future profitability, stability as well as its growth. Samantha will have to come up and maintain management information systems as well as financial policies by liaising with the management to provide a better support service on all aspects of finance. As indicated, Samantha and some of the management colleagues such as Albert often argue. More so, the top management colleagues are old and will not for sure understand fully these financial policies so as to make sound management decision regarding the company. Her role also includes looking into the future. She is supposes to analyze the performance of the business in the past years and offer advice to the management on how to prevent challenges that the business encounters. Currently, the restaurant department is making losses and as such, it is her responsibility to advice the management whether to close down the restaurant or to put more capital in it so as to make it more profitable as Claude advices. She will be required to make Traditions Ltd adapt to changing environment. The management of the store prides itself on running the store through maintaining the standards of services and customers relationships which is mainly related with a bygone era. This means that the store cannot be able to attract the young middle class people who provide a very significant market. It is her duty to make sure that the store taps in this market so as to increase sales. She should advice the management on adoption new and upcoming trends so that the y can be able to make decisions which will inline the store to new trends hence attract more customers. It is her duty to identify departments that need reduction in operational and production costs. Most importantly she should be able to establish better and effective strategies so as to control spending. This will involve reducing the spending habits of some department and increasing others. Each department is headed by a family member and in reference to their relationships; some of the managers of departments such as Albert will not be willing to reduce their spending habits to increase other departments. Since is a family owned business, sibling rivalry will be unavoidable bringing about more challenges and disagreements among decision makers. Management Information System (MIS) for Traditions Ltd; Management information system (MIS) is vital in its role as an agent of sharing information within a business. There are various factors to consider while implementing a management information system at Traditions Ltd (Graham, 2005) (Clarke, 2010). These factors include; The level of knowledge of the users. Traditions Ltd is a family owned store. The managers of the store are above fifty years of age and most of them have little or no knowledge of what management information system is. These managers also do not have siblings to act on their behalf. They are required to access the MIS and effectively use it on daily basis. As such, the management information system that can be effective in the store should be easy to use for the management and simple to understand (Khosrowpour, 1997). The security of the system. A secure MIS should be implemented in the store. Since the store is family owned, there may be conflicting interest within the family. A management system should be in such a way that it is transparent and each member with access should be able to view what others are doing (Galletta Zhang, 2006). Stock control systems; Stock taking is a process that requires the making a list of stock with their location and value. A stock control system must be able to show make orders, track stock levels as well as issue stock. The systems should contain information on the value, location, description, reorder levels, quantities, supplies and information on previous stock history (Office, 2009). Inventory turnover is a ratio that describes how many times a business inventory is sold and replaced over a period of time. To calculate the inventory turnover days, the days in the period are divided by the inventory turnover formula. Inventory turnover ratio is a key measure for determining the efficiency of the business in management of company inventory as well as making sales from it (Wanjialin, 2004). It can be calculated as; Inventory turnover =cost of goods sold/ average inventory. Or =sales/inventory Day sales Inventory is simply the inverse of the inventory turnover ratio multiplied by 365. i.e. Days Inventory= (Average Inventory/Cost of good) *365 Question 4 Budgetary planning and control system; Budgetary planning is the process by which a budget is prepared in an organization. A budget is a plan which is expressed quantitatively for a specific period of time. It can include various items such as assets, liabilities, planned sales output and revenues, amount of resources, cash flows and costs and expenses. As a management accountant at Traditions Ltd, budgetary planning is vital in the operations of the store. This is a process that will involve identifying objectives, looking for alternatives and collecting information about them and choosing the best alternative that suits the store. The final step is to implement the chosen alternatives to achieve the set objectives. In planning the budget, one needs to make sure that the plans are properly quantified, financed and be able to control resource allocation and performance (Plumptre, 1988) (Bogsnes, 2009). The main functions of the management accountant involve forecasting. This is where I am supposed to lay down objective to be achieved at the end of a specific period. Come up with a plan on how these forecasted objectives are going to be realized. Communicate this plan to all members of the departments in details so that they can follow the plan comprehensively. Coordinate various departments by keeping an eye on what is happening within the operation of the store. Select a team of managers and supervisors who are going to monitor every day activities in the store and make reports. Come up with authorization protocol where every employee should be able to follow. To boost morale and encourage employees, motivate employees either through giving rewards for best performers or promotions. Evaluate on regular basis the performance of the store to know whether the store is in line in realizing of the set objective (Radev Allen, 2006). Some of the behavioural problems one might encounter as a management accountant are the unwillingness of some management colleagues as well as other employees in the implementation of the plan. Since this is a family business, and each department is headed by a family member, some of them may be unwilling to cooperate especially when it comes to financing. This might result in mistrust, leaving behind some aspects of the plan which will lead to under realization of the objective. Budgets are time consuming and tiresome. As such, a management accountant should be ready to work long hours without pay so as to meet deadlines (Lacey, 2013). The best way to gain budget control in the businesses is through the analysis of variance. There are two types of variance analysis. One is the fixed analysis which does not change with the level of activities within the business. The other one is the flexed analysis which is prepared in such a way that it can be altered to indicate the actual activity involved. A flexed variance analysis will suit Traditions Ltd. This is because; the management accountant should be able to monitor each and every activity that is taking place in the store. Actual profits= budgeted profits+ favourable variances – adverse variances. For budgetary control to be effective, serious attitudes should be emphasized. There should be clear boundaries between managerial duties and other duties undertaken by employees. Budget targets which are challenging should be identified and more emphasis put on them. Routines for data collection, analysis and reporting should be established. Reports should be aimed at respective managers and reporting periods should be fairly short. Time variance reports should be prepared and where they are adverse, action should be taken to get back to favourable (Business : The Ultimate Resource, 2003). References Bogsnes, B. (2009). Implementing Beyond budgeting : Unlocking the Performance Potential. Hoboken: John Wiley Sons. Business : The Ultimate Resource. (2003). Beijing : Citic Publishing House. Clarke, S. (2010). Computational Advancements in end-user Technologies : Emerging Models and Frameworks. Hershey: Information Science Reference. Drury, C. (2006). Cost and Management Accounting : An Introduction. London: Thomson. Galletta, D., Zhang, P. (2006). Human-Computer Interaction and Management Information Systems : Applications. Armonk: M. E. Sharpe. Graham, G. (2005). Exploring Supply Chain Management in the Creative Industries. Bradford, England : Emerald Group Pub. Khosrowpour, M. (1997). Managing Information Technology Resources and Applications in the World Economy : Proceedings of the 1997 Information Resources Management Association International Conference Vancouver, B.C., Canada. London : Idea Group. Lacey, D. (2013). Managing the Human Factor in Information Security : How to Win Over Staff and Influence Business Managers. Hoboken: Wiley. Office, G. B. (2009). The National Offender Management Information System : Report. London: TSO. Plumptre, T. W. (1988). Beyond the Bottom Line : Management in Government. Halifax: Institute for Research on Public Policy. Radev, D., Allen, R. (2006). Managing and Controlling Extrabudgetary Funds. Washington : International Monetary Fund. Tennent, J. (2008). Guide to Financial Management. London: Profile Books. Wanjialin, G. (2004). An International Dictionary of Accounting Taxation : 12000 + Entries on Accounting, Auditing Taxation in the USA, Canada, UK Australia ; Clear one Sentence Definition Right to the Point. New York: ] iUniverse Publ .

The Real Monster, Victor Frank Essay -- essays research papers

The Real Monster, victor frankenstein   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Mary Shelley's narrative, Frankenstein is the story of Victor Frankenstein and his creation. 'It was on a dreary night of November that I beheld the accomplishment of my toils…by the glimmer of the half-extinguished light I saw the dull yellow eye of the creature open; it breathed hard, and a convulsive motion agitated its limbs.(52)'; This was the time and the place in which the creature came to life. Victor Frankenstein thought that his creation was a hideous monster, but his ignorance blinded him from the truth. In veracity, Victor Frankenstein was the real monster this was evident from his selfishness, from his cruelty and rejection of his creation, and because he indirectly caused the deaths of his own family and friends.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The selfishness shown by Victor Frankenstein is just one of the traits that shows that he is the monster. His selfish attitude is visible throughout the whole story. In the beginning when he first discovers the cause of generation and life, he does not tell anyone about it. He thinks, 'The astonishment which I had first experienced on this discovery soon gave place to delight and rapture…What had been the study and desire of the wisest men since the creation of the world was now within my grasp. (47)'; This type of selfish thinking entails excessive pride and self-glory with disregard to the good of others. Another example of selfishne...